The current geopolitical dynamics of Southeast Asia are characterized by various global tensions which have an impact on regional stability and security. With its strategic location between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia is the main concern of various large countries, especially the United States and China. The competition between the two not only involves military aspects but also economics, diplomacy and cultural influence. First, the influence of the United States in Southeast Asia can be seen from various defense agreements and economic cooperation. Through initiatives such as the Indo-Pacific Strategy, the US is trying to strengthen alliances with ASEAN countries to face China’s domination. The US is also committed to expanding cooperation in the fields of technology, trade and handling climate change. For example, investment in infrastructure and military exchanges with countries such as the Philippines and Vietnam are intensifying. Meanwhile, China is focusing on the “Belt and Road Initiative” policy which offers large investments in the infrastructure sector. However, these projects often draw criticism for creating economic dependency. For example, the port project in Sri Lanka resulted in the country owing a large debt to China. In this context, several Southeast Asian countries must be wise in balancing their relations with these two great powers. The South China Sea issue has the potential for significant conflict. Countries such as Vietnam and the Philippines maintain claims to this resource-rich region, while China claims almost the entire area. These tensions often result in military incidents, such as interceptions of fishing boats and naval patrols. The presence of Chinese military bases in the Spratly Islands adds complexity to the situation, creating anxiety among neighboring countries. Not only that, cyber security is also a major concern in this region. By developing digital infrastructure, countries in Southeast Asia face the threat of cyber attacks that could affect political and economic stability. Cooperation in cyber security between ASEAN countries and external partners such as Japan and Australia is very important in facing this challenge. Climate change and environmental issues also influence geopolitical dynamics. Countries that are prone to natural disasters, such as Indonesia and the Philippines, need international support to overcome the impacts of climate change. This opens up opportunities for multilateral cooperation that can strengthen relations between countries. Meanwhile, domestic politics in ASEAN countries plays an important role in this dynamic. Political instability caused by internal conflict or shifts in government can influence foreign policy. For example, the military coup in Myanmar triggered sanctions from Western countries, which had an impact on trade and diplomatic relations. Finally, ASEAN integration faces new challenges. Even though ASEAN strives to be a solid forum, differences in interests between countries often hinder common policies. However, by increasing cooperation in the economic, security and cultural fields, ASEAN has the potential to become a more coherent force amidst global tensions. Overall, Southeast Asia’s geopolitical dynamics are complex, influenced by the interactions of great powers and domestic challenges. With tensions continuing to rise, countries in the region need to be on alert to ensure that they can confront threats and capitalize on opportunities for growth and stability.
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